Notes on generalized and extended Leonardo numbers

Anthony G. Shannon, Peter J.-S. Shiue and Shen C. Huang
Notes on Number Theory and Discrete Mathematics
Print ISSN 1310–5132, Online ISSN 2367–8275
Volume 29, 2023, Number 4, Pages 752–773
DOI: 10.7546/nntdm.2023.29.4.752-773
Full paper (PDF, 359 Kb)

Details

Authors and affiliations

Anthony G. Shannon
Warrane College, University of New South Wales
Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia

Peter J.-S. Shiue
Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
4505 S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA

Shen C. Huang
Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
4505 S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA

Abstract

This paper both extends and generalizes recently published properties which have been developed by many authors for elements of the Leonardo sequence in the context of second-order recursive sequences. It does this by considering the difference equation properties of the homogeneous Fibonacci sequence and the non-homogeneous properties of their Leonardo sequence counterparts. This produces a number of new identities associated with a generalized Leonardo sequence and its associated algorithm, as well as some combinatorial results which lead into elegant properties of hyper-Fibonacci numbers in contrast to their ordinary Fibonacci number analogues, and as a convolution of Fibonacci and Leonardo numbers.

Keywords

• Binet formulas
• Leonardo sequences
• Generalized Leonardo sequence
• Extended Leonardo sequence
• Fibonacci sequences
• Hyper-Fibonacci sequences
• Recurrence relations
• Undetermined coefficients

2020 Mathematics Subject Classification

• 05A19
• 11B37
• 11B39

References

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Manuscript history

• Received: 19 September 2023
• Accepted: 30 October 2023
• Online First: 27 November 2023

Copyright information

Ⓒ 2023 by the Authors.
This is an Open Access paper distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).